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Which effect does a Rossby number of order one have on the flow?

  • A.Neither rotation nor inertia may be neglected
  • B.The flow becomes exactly geostrophic because the two competing terms are of the same magnitude
  • C.The flow becomes turbulent
  • D.The pressure gradient force must vanish since it cannot balance two terms of comparable size at once

Answer: A

When the Rossby number is near unity the acceleration and Coriolis terms are comparable, so no simple balance applies and the full equations must be retained. Such flows include the sea breeze, the mountain and valley wind and the outer parts of a tropical cyclone. Turbulence depends on the Reynolds number, and the pressure gradient force is precisely what drives the motion in all these cases.

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