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Which structure does the jet stream owe to the thermal wind relation?

  • A.Its seasonal variation
  • B.Its tendency to break down into separate cores separated by regions of much weaker wind speeds
  • C.Its position above the strongest temperature gradient
  • D.Its meandering path around the hemisphere which follows the pattern of the long planetary waves

Answer: C

The thermal wind relation requires the westerly shear to be greatest where the horizontal temperature gradient is greatest, so the jet core lies directly above the polar front. Its seasonal strengthening in winter is also a thermal wind consequence, since the temperature contrast is then largest, but the positioning is the more fundamental point. The meandering and the fragmentation arise from wave dynamics rather than from the balance relation itself. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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