Discussion
Consider the following statements about geostrophic balance.
1. It is a diagnostic relation.
2. It holds best for large-scale mid-latitude flow.
3. It can be used to predict how the flow will evolve.
Which of the statements given above is or are correct?
Answer: D
Geostrophic balance contains no time derivative, so it relates the wind and pressure fields at one instant and cannot generate an evolution, which makes the first two statements true and the third false. Prediction requires the ageostrophic residual retained at the next order of the scale expansion. That distinction, between a diagnostic and a prognostic relation, is fundamental to everything that follows in this subject. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.
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