Discussion
Consider the following statements about the gradient wind.
1. It includes the centrifugal term.
2. It is subgeostrophic around a low.
3. It applies only in the northern hemisphere.
Which of the statements given above is or are correct?
Answer: A
The first two statements are correct, while the third is false since the balance applies in both hemispheres with the appropriate sign of the Coriolis parameter. In the southern hemisphere the circulation senses reverse but the subgeostrophic character of cyclonic flow does not, because both the Coriolis and centrifugal forces still act outward around a low. Checking a rule in both hemispheres is a good test of whether it has been understood or merely memorised.
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