Discussion
Which of the following is not a balanced flow approximation?
Ekman balance
Geostrophic balance
Gradient wind balance
Cyclostrophic balance
Answer: D
Ekman balance includes friction and therefore describes a dissipative rather than a balanced flow in the usual sense, since balanced flow approximations concern the inviscid equations. Geostrophic, gradient wind and cyclostrophic balances are all inviscid balances distinguished by which of the inertial terms they retain. The distinction matters because balanced flow can be inverted from a single scalar field while frictional flow cannot. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.
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