Discussion
A tropical cyclone at 15 degrees north has a central pressure 60 hectopascals below its environment.
Which balance should be used to estimate the maximum wind?
Answer: D
At the radius of maximum wind the curvature is strong but the Coriolis term is not negligible, so all three horizontal forces matter and gradient wind balance is the appropriate approximation. Geostrophic balance would overestimate the wind badly by omitting the centrifugal term, cyclostrophic balance is better suited to a tornado, and hydrostatic balance is a vertical relation that constrains the pressure field rather than the tangential wind. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.
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