Discussion
Which process restores gradient wind balance after it is disturbed?
Answer: D
An unbalanced state radiates inertia-gravity waves that carry the imbalance away, leaving a balanced residual on a timescale of hours. This geostrophic adjustment is why the atmosphere is observed to remain close to balance almost everywhere despite continual forcing. Friction and diabatic heating act far more slowly, and baroclinic instability generates rather than removes departures from the zonal state.
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