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Which term describes a layer in which the wind changes direction but not speed with height?

  • A.Pure thermal advection
  • B.Barotropic, since the magnitude of the geostrophic wind is unchanged between the top and the base
  • C.Neutral stability
  • D.Cyclostrophic, because the change of direction implies curvature of the trajectory followed by parcels

Answer: A

If the wind turns without changing speed, the thermal wind is perpendicular to the mean wind, which means the isotherms are perpendicular to the flow and thermal advection is at its maximum. Veering then means warm advection and backing cold advection. A barotropic layer has no directional change at all, and neutral stability and cyclostrophic balance concern quite different aspects of the flow.

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