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Which deficiency of quasi-geostrophic theory does the semi-geostrophic system address?

  • A.Vertical motion is absent
  • B.The Coriolis parameter is treated as constant so that Rossby waves cannot propagate in the system
  • C.Fronts do not become sharp enough
  • D.Gravity waves are retained and so impose a severe restriction on the numerical time step available

Answer: C

Quasi-geostrophic theory advects by the geostrophic wind alone, which cannot produce the collapse to a genuine discontinuity that real frontogenesis approaches. The semi-geostrophic system includes the ageostrophic advection and reproduces frontal collapse in finite time. Vertical motion is present in quasi-geostrophic theory through the omega equation, and the beta effect can be retained if desired.

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