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Which insight does potential vorticity inversion provide about an upper level anomaly?

  • A.It induces a circulation extending well below its own level
  • B.It moves at the speed of the wind at its own level without influencing any of the levels beneath it
  • C.It has no effect on the surface
  • D.It can only be interpreted once the surface pressure field has been analysed independently of it

Answer: A

A compact upper level potential vorticity anomaly induces a cyclonic circulation that decays downward over a depth set by the ratio of the Coriolis parameter to the buoyancy frequency times the horizontal scale. This action at a distance is the basis of the modern potential vorticity view of cyclogenesis, in which an upper anomaly overtakes a surface thermal anomaly and the two amplify each other.

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