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Which discrepancy suggests strong curvature rather than friction?

  • A.The observed wind matches the geostrophic value in speed but differs by ninety degrees in direction
  • B.The observed wind is slower than geostrophic but blows along the contours
  • C.The observed wind is slower than geostrophic and blows across the contours towards low pressure
  • D.The observed wind exceeds geostrophic and blows across the contours towards high pressure

Answer: B

Curvature changes the speed required for balance without introducing any cross-contour component, so a subgeostrophic wind flowing along the contours indicates cyclonic curvature. Friction, by contrast, produces both a speed reduction and a cross-isobaric component towards low pressure. Distinguishing the two signatures allows the cause of a discrepancy to be identified from the observation alone.

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