Discussion
Assertion (A): Rainfall radar is calibrated against surface gauges.
Reason (R): The radar measures the reflectivity of the drops rather than the rainfall itself.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the necessity. Radar measures reflectivity, which depends on the drop size distribution, and converting it to a rain rate requires a relationship that varies with the type of rain and with the height at which the beam samples. Gauges measure the rain reaching the ground at a point directly, so they anchor the radar’s excellent spatial coverage to a physical measurement - each supplying what the other lacks.
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