Discussion
Gorbachev adopted dual policies in order to make Soviet Union stable through openness and radical restructuring in the context of :
Answer: D
The answer is Both (A) and (B).
After coming to power in 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev pursued two linked policies. Glasnost (openness) relaxed censorship and allowed public criticism and debate. Perestroika (restructuring) aimed to reform the stagnant command economy and the political system. The stem names both, openness and radical restructuring, so neither option alone is enough.
Shock therapy was the sudden market liberalisation adopted in Russia under Yeltsin after 1991, after the Soviet Union had collapsed.
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