Discussion
The gravitational potential energy between two bodies each of mass 1 kg kept at a distance of 1 m is (G - Gravitational constant)
Answer: B
The potential energy is \(-G\).
The gravitational potential energy of two point masses separated by \(r\), taking zero at infinite separation, is:
\[ \begin{aligned} U &= -\frac{G m_{1} m_{2}}{r} \\ &= -\frac{G \times 1 \times 1}{1} \\ &= -G \end{aligned} \]
The negative sign is essential: gravity is attractive, so work must be done on the pair to separate them to infinity, where \(U = 0\). \(G\) has the right size but the wrong sign; \(-\frac{G}{2}\) and \(-\frac{G}{4}\) would need separations of 2 m and 4 m.
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