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Topographic amplification means that shaking tends to be stronger

  • A.on level ground than on any slope
  • B.at ridge crests than at the base of a slope
  • C.at the base of a slope than at the crest
  • D.inside tunnels than at the ground surface

Answer: B

Correct answer: at ridge crests than at the base of a slope

Waves arriving at a ridge are focused by its geometry and are reflected within it, so the crest shakes more strongly than the surrounding ground - sometimes by a factor of two or more. The effect is well documented in post-earthquake damage surveys, where structures on ridge lines fare noticeably worse than identical ones on the flat.

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