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Spatial variation of ground motion is important for

  • A.long structures such as bridges and pipelines
  • B.single-storey buildings on a small footprint
  • C.water tanks supported on short columns
  • D.chimneys of small plan dimension

Answer: A

Correct answer: long structures such as bridges and pipelines

A structure whose supports are hundreds of metres apart does not see the same motion at every support: the wave arrives at different times, is incoherent over that distance, and may cross different ground conditions. The resulting differential displacements impose forces that a single-support analysis misses entirely, which is why multi-support excitation is used for long bridges and buried pipelines.

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