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Equivalent linear site response analysis handles soil non-linearity by

  • A.assuming the soil remains fully elastic throughout
  • B.ignoring damping in the soil layers altogether
  • C.replacing the soil column with a rigid base
  • D.iterating with strain-compatible stiffness and damping

Answer: D

Properties are adjusted until they match the strains they produce, which captures much of the non-linearity without a full non-linear model. It becomes unreliable at very large strains, where a genuinely non-linear analysis is needed.

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