Discussion
Why does a horizontally polarised wave attenuate so rapidly over ground?
Answer: C
A horizontal electric field must be nearly zero at the surface of a good conductor, so the image is in antiphase and the direct and reflected fields very nearly cancel near the ground. A vertical field has an in phase image instead and is reinforced. The same reasoning explains why a horizontal dipole close to ground radiates almost entirely upward. Boundary conditions at a conducting surface, rather than absorption in any material, decide which polarisation can propagate.
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