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How does surface wave attenuation vary with frequency?

  • A.It increases rapidly with frequency
  • B.It decreases with frequency because the wavelength becomes shorter
  • C.It is independent of frequency for a given ground conductivity
  • D.It is greatest at the frequency where the ground becomes resonant

Answer: A

Ground losses rise steeply with frequency, which is why the surface wave is useful for hundreds of kilometres at low frequency, tens at medium wave and only a few at high frequency. That single relationship explains the choice of band for every long range surface wave service. There is no resonance of the ground, and the attenuation certainly does not fall with frequency. Knowing the direction and steepness of the frequency dependence lets a coverage estimate be sanity checked in a moment.

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