Discussion
Why does the two ray model predict a fourth power law at long range?
Answer: D
At grazing incidence the reflection coefficient approaches minus one, so the two rays almost cancel and what survives is proportional to the small path difference, which itself falls with range, giving an inverse fourth power law rather than an inverse square. That is why coverage falls off so sharply beyond a certain distance. Absorption, double attenuation and aperture are not the mechanism. A near cancellation leaving a small residue is a common source of unexpectedly steep power laws.
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