Discussion
A coastal well that yielded fresh water for years turns brackish. The likely cause is
Answer: A
Correct answer: over-abstraction drawing the saline interface inland
Fresh groundwater floats on denser sea water, and the interface stands in equilibrium with the seaward flow of fresh water. Pumping more than the aquifer receives reduces that outflow and lets the wedge advance inland and rise beneath the well - and by the Ghyben-Herzberg relation, a fall of one metre in the water table raises the interface by about forty. Recovery is slow, so the remedy is to reduce abstraction and to recharge artificially before it occurs.
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