Discussion
Assertion: Darcy's law can be applied to flow in a karst limestone conduit. Reason: groundwater flow is always proportional to the hydraulic gradient.
Answer: C
Correct answer: both the assertion and the reason are false, the flow being turbulent
Both statements fail. Darcy’s law assumes laminar flow, and in a karst conduit the velocities are high enough for the flow to be turbulent, so discharge is no longer proportional to gradient and the law does not apply. The reason states that proportionality as though it were universal, which is precisely the assumption karst violates - along with fractured rock and very coarse gravel.
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