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Let \(S_{3}\) be the symmetric group, \(I_{n}(S_{3})\) be the group of inner automorphisms of \(S_{3}\) and \(Z(S_{3})\) be the center of \(S_{3}\). Then which is FALSE ?

  • A.\(Z(S_{3}) = \{e\}\), where \(e\) is the identity of \(S_{3}\)
  • B.\(I_{n}(S_{3}) = S_{3}\)
  • C.\(I_{n}(S_{3}) = \{e\}\), where \(e\) is the identity of \(S_{3}\)
  • D.\(I_{n}(S_{3}) \cong S_{3} / Z(S_{3})\)

Answer: C

The false statement is \(I_{n}(S_{3}) = \{e\}\).

The center of \(S_{3}\) is trivial: no non-identity permutation commutes with all others (for example (1 2) does not commute with (1 3)). So \(Z(S_{3}) = \{e\}\), the first option, is true.

The map \(g \mapsto\) (conjugation by \(g\)) is a homomorphism from \(S_{3}\) onto the inner automorphism group, with kernel the center. So \(I_{n}(S_{3}) \cong S_{3}/Z(S_{3})\), the last option, and since the center is trivial this is a copy of \(S_{3}\) itself, which the paper writes as \(I_{n}(S_{3}) = S_{3}\).

Consequently the inner automorphism group has 6 elements, not 1. It would be trivial only for an abelian group, where every conjugation is the identity map, and \(S_{3}\) is not abelian.

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