Discussion
What is a radio telescope's beam efficiency important for?
Answer: A
An extended source fills the beam and often the near side lobes too, so the fraction of the pattern's power inside the main lobe determines how much of the measured signal really comes from the region being observed. A poor beam efficiency biases every brightness temperature. Beamwidth follows the aperture, tolerance follows the wavelength, and multiple receivers are a focal plane matter. Which efficiency matters depends entirely on what the instrument is being asked to measure.
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