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Which of the following thought types are characterised as irrational beliefs in cognitive therapy?

  • A.Thoughts with adaptive paradigms
  • B.Thoughts with 'may', 'might'
  • C.Thoughts with 'must', 'should'
  • D.Thoughts with accepting paradigms

Answer: C

In cognitive therapy, thoughts built on 'must' and 'should' are treated as irrational beliefs, because they set rigid demands on oneself, others or the world (Ellis's rational-emotive approach calls these musts). Thoughts with 'may' and 'might' allow flexibility and so are not irrational. Adaptive paradigms and accepting paradigms are healthy ways of thinking, so they are not the irrational type.

In rational emotive behaviour therapy, Albert Ellis called these demands musturbation: 'I must succeed', 'others should treat me well'. Flexible thoughts using 'may' or 'might' leave room for other outcomes, so they cause less distress.

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