Discussion
The theoretical water needed for complete hydration of cement is roughly
Answer: B
Correct answer: a quarter of the mass of the cement
About 0.23 to 0.25 of the cement mass is chemically combined in complete hydration. In practice a somewhat higher ratio is needed - around 0.38 - because the gel pores must also be filled for hydration to proceed, and higher still for workability without admixtures. Everything above that requirement becomes capillary porosity, which is why the water-cement ratio governs strength so directly.
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