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Which two forces balance in hydrostatic equilibrium?

  • A.The vertical pressure gradient force and gravity
  • B.The Coriolis force acting on the horizontal wind and the horizontal pressure gradient force at that level
  • C.Buoyancy and drag
  • D.The centrifugal force of the rotating Earth and the gravitational attraction exerted by its mass beneath

Answer: A

Hydrostatic balance states that the upward force arising from the decrease of pressure with height exactly supports the weight of the air. It holds to better than one part in a hundred million for large scale motion, which is far tighter than the horizontal geostrophic balance. The other options describe geostrophic balance, the terminal velocity of a falling drop, and the combination that defines effective gravity, none of which is the vertical balance being asked about.

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