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Which physical statement does the hydrostatic equation encode?

  • A.Air rises where it is warm
  • B.The density of the air is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature at any given pressure level
  • C.Surface pressure equals the weight of the overlying air column
  • D.The temperature of the air decreases with height at a rate determined by the acceleration due to gravity

Answer: C

Integrating the equation from a level to the top of the atmosphere shows that the pressure at any level equals the weight per unit area of everything above it. A barometer is therefore weighing the atmosphere. This interpretation makes surface pressure changes intelligible as redistributions of mass rather than as local thermal effects. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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