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Which effect does a warmer layer have on its scale height?

  • A.The scale height increases only above the level at which the layer becomes saturated with water vapour
  • B.The scale height increases
  • C.The scale height decreases because the warmer air is less dense and therefore exerts less pressure below
  • D.The scale height is unchanged

Answer: B

Since \( H = RT/g \), a warmer layer has a larger scale height and the pressure falls more slowly through it. This is the physical basis of the thickness relation, which states that a warm layer is thicker between two given pressure surfaces. It also means that an aircraft altimeter reads too low in cold air, which matters for terrain clearance. A single measurement chosen to respond to the one asymmetry beats several that respond to shared behaviour.

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