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Which temperature appears in the hypsometric equation?

  • A.The temperature at the base of the layer, which is where the air is densest within the column concerned
  • B.The maximum temperature within the layer
  • C.The temperature at the level midway in height between the two bounding pressure surfaces of the layer
  • D.The layer mean virtual temperature

Answer: D

The mean is taken with respect to the logarithm of pressure, and virtual temperature is used so that the dry air gas constant can be retained. In practice the difference between an arithmetic and a logarithmic mean is small for a thin layer. Using the base temperature or a midpoint value would be an approximation to the correct mass-weighted mean. Framing the question as which quantity the change acts upon makes the answer follow without calculation.

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