Discussion
Which hybrid coordinate is used in modern global models?
Answer: D
The hybrid sigma-pressure coordinate follows the terrain near the ground, where that is necessary, and relaxes to pure pressure surfaces in the upper troposphere and stratosphere where the terrain is irrelevant. This captures the advantages of both. Pure isentropic coordinates have attractions for tracer transport but present difficulties where the stratification becomes neutral. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.
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