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Which relationship exists between upper level troughs and temperature?

  • A.Troughs correspond to cold air only above the level at which the thermal wind reverses its direction
  • B.Troughs correspond to cold air
  • C.Troughs correspond to warm air, since the warm air expands and raises the pressure surfaces above it
  • D.There is no relationship

Answer: B

Because thickness is proportional to mean temperature, a column of cold air has a lower geopotential height at any upper level, appearing as a trough. This is why upper level charts and thickness charts show such similar patterns. The correspondence strengthens with height as the thickness anomaly accumulates through more of the atmosphere. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.

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