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Which wind is read from the spacing of those contours?

  • A.The thermal wind
  • B.The gradient wind, which additionally accounts for the curvature of the trajectory followed by each parcel
  • C.The geostrophic wind
  • D.The actual observed wind at that level, including its ageostrophic and frictional components at that height

Answer: C

Contour spacing gives the geopotential gradient and hence the geostrophic wind, with the Coriolis parameter supplying the latitude dependence. The gradient wind requires an additional correction for curvature, and the thermal wind is obtained by comparing two charts. Reading wind speed from contour spacing is the fundamental skill of upper air analysis. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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