Discussion
Assertion (A): A tubular reactor carrying an exothermic reaction can develop a hot spot.
Reason (R): Heat is generated fastest near the inlet where the concentration is highest.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the cause. Near the inlet the reactant concentration is at its highest, so heat is generated fastest there while the cooling capacity per unit length is the same all along. If generation outruns removal the local temperature rises, which raises the rate further - a positive feedback that can run away. Diluting the feed, staging the inlet or grading the catalyst activity are the usual remedies.
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