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None of the following is a primary sedimentary structure except

  • A.foliation
  • B.columnar jointing
  • C.a porphyritic texture
  • D.graded bedding

Answer: D

Correct answer: graded bedding

Graded bedding forms as the sediment is deposited, from a decelerating current dropping its coarsest load first, so it is a primary sedimentary structure - as are cross-bedding, ripple marks and mud cracks. The other three belong elsewhere: foliation is metamorphic, produced by directed pressure, while columnar jointing and porphyritic texture are both igneous, recording cooling contraction and a two-stage cooling history respectively.

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