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Which method for impact identification in EIA uses GIS ?

  • A.Checklists
  • B.Matrices
  • C.Overlays
  • D.Network

Answer: C

The method that uses GIS is overlays.

The overlay method, introduced by Ian McHarg, maps each environmental factor (soils, slopes, vegetation, settlements) on a separate transparent sheet and lays them over each other to find where impacts concentrate. GIS does exactly this digitally with map layers, so overlay analysis is now carried out in GIS.

Checklists list factors to consider, matrices cross project actions against environmental components (as in the Leopold matrix), and networks trace chains of cause and effect. None of them is spatial by design.

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