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Which of the following is an example of stepped matrix ?

  • A.Leopold et al (1971)
  • B.Johnson and Bell (1975)
  • C.Carstea et al (1976)
  • D.Asian Development Bank (1987)

Answer: B

The official key gives Johnson and Bell (1975). I could not confirm this attribution.

Environmental impact matrices are grouped as simple and stepped. Leopold et al (1971) is the well-known simple interaction matrix of the US Geological Survey, which cross-tabulates project actions against environmental conditions, so it is the usual example of a simple, not a stepped, matrix. The Asian Development Bank (1987) item is a set of environmental guidelines rather than a matrix method.

Searches of EIA method notes turned up no source linking any author in the list to the stepped matrix, so the key is kept because nothing contradicts it, not because it was verified. Treat this as a recall question about one textbook's list.

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