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Circulation around an airfoil in steady flight is

  • A.Zero, since the flow is steady and irrotational
  • B.Equal to the free-stream velocity times the chord
  • C.Constant, and matched by the starting vortex left behind
  • D.Continuously increasing as the flight continues

Answer: C

Once the starting vortex has been shed and washed downstream, the bound circulation settles at the value the Kutta condition requires and stays there. Kelvin's theorem is satisfied because the two together still sum to zero.

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