Discussion
What are costs which vary with output called?
Answer: A
Correct answer: prime costs
Prime cost is direct material plus direct labour plus direct expenses - the costs traceable to each unit produced, and therefore the costs that rise and fall with output.
Overheads are the indirect costs, and the greater part of them - rent, insurance, supervision, depreciation - is incurred whether or not anything is produced, so they behave as fixed costs in the short run. "Indirect costs" is simply another name for overheads and fails for the same reason. Since the first two options are not variable costs, "all of the above" cannot hold either.
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