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With reference to the evolution of the Malayalam language, consider the following statement/s:

1. The word 'Jannal' came to the Malayalam language from Portuguese.
2. 'Diwan' is a word that came to Malayalam from Arab language.
3. 'Samkshepa Vedartham' is the first printed book in Malayalam.

Which of the above is/are correct?

  • A.1 and 3 only
  • B.1 and 2 only
  • C.1, 2 and 3
  • D.None of the above.

Answer: C

All three statements are correct, so the answer is 1, 2 and 3.

  • Jannal (window) comes from the Portuguese janela, one of many words such as mesha (table) and kasera (chair) that entered Malayalam through Portuguese contact.
  • Diwan reached Malayalam through Arabic, the language of Islamic administration (the word itself is of Persian origin).
  • Samkshepa Vedartham, a catechism by Clement Pianius printed in Rome in 1772, is the first book printed in Malayalam.

Since all three are correct, every narrower option is incomplete.

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