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The concept of 'Sanyama' in the Yoga-sūtras excludes :

  • A.Dhāraṇā
  • B.Dhyāna
  • C.Samādhi
  • D.Pratyāhāra

Answer: D

Samyama excludes Pratyahara.

In the Yogasutra (3.4), samyama is the name for the last three limbs practised together on one object: dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation) and samadhi (absorption). These are the internal limbs.

Pratyahara, the withdrawal of the senses from their objects, is the fifth limb and the last of the external ones, so it is not part of samyama. The other three options are its components.

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