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Which one among the following pairs of Articles relating to the fundamental rights cannot be suspended during the enforcement of emergency under Article 359 of the Indian Constitution?

  • A.Article 14 and 15
  • B.Article 16 and 17
  • C.Article 20 and 21
  • D.Article 24 and 25

Answer: C

Articles 20 and 21 can never be suspended, even during an emergency.

Article 20 protects against conviction under retrospective law, double jeopardy and self-incrimination; Article 21 protects life and personal liberty. The 44th Amendment of 1978 put them beyond the reach of Article 359, after the experience of the 1975 emergency.

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