Discussion
The right against exploitation, prohibiting traffic in human beings and forced labour, is contained in
Answer: D
Correct answer: Articles 23 and 24
The right against exploitation comprises Article 23, which prohibits traffic in human beings, begar and other forms of forced labour, and Article 24, which prohibits the employment of children below fourteen in any factory, mine or other hazardous occupation. These rights are available to citizens and non-citizens alike, and Article 23 is unusual in being enforceable against private individuals as well as the State - most fundamental rights bind only the State. The Supreme Court has read Article 23 broadly, holding in People’s Union for Democratic Rights that paying less than the minimum wage amounts to forced labour, since the worker has no real choice. Bonded labour was abolished by statute in 1976 on the strength of it. Article 23 does permit the State to impose compulsory service for public purposes, such as conscription, provided it does not discriminate on grounds of religion, race, caste or class. Articles 25–28 cover freedom of religion, 29–30 cultural and educational rights, and 14–18 the right to equality.
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