Discussion
The All India Services are created by
Answer: C
Correct answer: Parliament, by law, under Article 312
Article 312 provides that Parliament may create an all-India service common to the Union and the states, but only if the Rajya Sabha first declares by resolution, supported by not less than two thirds of the members present and voting, that it is necessary in the national interest. The requirement gives the states, through the House that represents them, a say in the creation of services whose officers will serve within their jurisdictions. There are three such services: the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service, both continued from before the Constitution, and the Indian Forest Service, created in 1966. The article also mentions an all-India judicial service, which has never been established. Their distinguishing feature is dual control: officers are recruited and their conditions of service determined by the Union, and they are allotted to state cadres where they serve, but only the Union government can dismiss or remove them - a protection that is meant to insulate them from state political pressure.
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