Discussion
Article 370 of the Constitution, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir, was effectively abrogated in
Answer: C
Correct answer: 2019
Article 370 was effectively abrogated in August 2019. A Presidential Order superseded the earlier order of 1954 and applied the whole Constitution of India to Jammu and Kashmir, and a statutory resolution of Parliament declared the article inoperative. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act passed at the same time reorganised the state into two union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, with a legislature, and Ladakh, without one. It was the first time a state had been converted into union territories. Article 370 had been a temporary provision under which the state had its own constitution and flag, and Parliament’s power over it was limited to defence, external affairs and communications unless the state concurred. Article 35A, which flowed from it and defined permanent residents and their special rights, fell with it. The Supreme Court upheld the abrogation in December 2023, holding that Article 370 was a temporary provision, while directing that statehood be restored.
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