Discussion
The right to freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed by
Answer: B
Correct answer: Article 19(1)(a)
Freedom of speech and expression is guaranteed by Article 19(1)(a), one of six freedoms in Article 19 - the others being assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession or trade. All six are available to citizens only. The Constitution nowhere mentions freedom of the press. The Supreme Court has held it to be included within Article 19(1)(a), a reading settled as early as Romesh Thappar in 1950. The article has since been held to cover the right to information, the right to remain silent, commercial speech and the right to fly the national flag. None of the freedoms is absolute. Article 19(2) permits reasonable restrictions on eight grounds: the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation and incitement to an offence. The word reasonable is what makes such restrictions justiciable. The original article had no reference to public order or the sovereignty of India; both were added by the First Amendment in 1951.
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