Discussion
Statements: M > A ≥ B = Q ≤ P < J ≤ Y > X
Conclusion:
I. B < Y
II. X ≥ J
Answer: A
Correct answer: Only conclusion I is true.
Read the chain from B rightwards: \( B = Q \le P < J \le Y \). A single strict link anywhere in a chain makes the whole relation strict, and there is one at \( P < J \), so \( B < Y \) - conclusion I is true.
Conclusion II claims \( X \ge J \). Here the chain works against us. We know \( J \le Y \) and \( Y > X \), so both J and X sit at or below Y, but the two are approached from the same side and nothing fixes their order relative to each other. Take \( Y = 10 \): then \( J \) could be 9 and \( X \) 2, making \( X < J \); or \( J \) could be 2 and \( X \) 9, making \( X > J \). Both are consistent with every statement, so conclusion II does not follow.
Only the first conclusion holds. The general rule this illustrates: a conclusion follows only when an unbroken chain of relations runs between its two elements all pointing the same way; two elements that both hang below a common third are never ordered by that alone. The statement in this record had been corrupted by a stray < in the stored HTML, which swallowed the middle of the chain; it is restored above.
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