Discussion
Statements:
M < S> A > J > R; A < B> Z; Z > F
Conclusions:
(a) Z less than S
\(\left ( b \right )C> R \)
Answer: B
Correct answer: Only conclusion b follows
What survives of the statements reads \( M < S \;?\; A > J > R \), \( A < B \;?\; Z \) and \( Z > F \), where each ? marks a relation lost from the record.
Conclusion (a) claims \( Z < S \). Z is reached only through B, and S only through the first statement, and the link between them is one of the lost ones - so nothing in the surviving text orders them, and the key is right that (a) does not follow.
Conclusion (b) claims \( C > R \), and C appears nowhere in the surviving statements at all. For the key to hold, the lost text must have placed C above one of A, J or R - \( C > A \) would do it, since \( A > J > R \) then carries down to R.
A note on this item: its statements have been damaged in this record. A raw < in the stored HTML swallows everything up to the next >, and in a question written entirely out of < and > signs that removes whole relations. The keyed answer is retained because it is the item’s own, but the derivation above is as far as the surviving text allows. Restoring the original statements would be needed to work it in full.
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