Discussion
Statements:
M < V> E > O < A> U > Z = Y < J>
Conclusions:
(a) M = Z (b) B = J
Answer: D
Correct answer: Neither conclusion a nor b follows
What survives reads \( M < V \;?\; E > O < A \;?\; U > Z = Y < J \;?\; \).
Conclusion (a) can be tested, and it fails. It claims \( M = Z \). M is known only to lie below V; Z is known to lie below U and to equal Y. The two sit in different parts of the arrangement with no chain between them, and even if one existed, an equality conclusion needs the two values pinned together, which nothing here does. Does not follow.
Conclusion (b) claims \( B = J \), and B appears nowhere in the statements, so it cannot follow.
A note on this item: its statements have been damaged in this record. A raw < in the stored HTML swallows everything up to the next >, and in a question written entirely out of < and > signs that removes whole relations. The keyed answer stands, and conclusion (a) is demonstrable from what remains.
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