Discussion
Why is a learned clause more useful than simply backtracking?
Answer: C
The learned clause records why the conflict occurred, so any future path recreating that cause, in any order, is cut immediately, whereas chronological backtracking would rediscover it repeatedly. Variable counts rise as clauses are added, the exclusion is far broader than one assignment, and no guarantee follows. Generalising from a specific failure to the condition responsible is what makes the learning worth its memory.
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